Citation tools automate formatting references.
There are several citation tools that work with the APA style:
If you do use these tools, be sure to review your results carefully.
You are responsible for the accuracy of your paper's citations.
Always refer to the Publication Manual of the APA for definitive information.
Image source: Jim Thomas. Wikimedia Commons. CC-BY-SA-3.0.
APA's Blog offers guidance if you use ChatGPT or AI.
Book
Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge.
Chapter in an edited book with DOI
Balsam, K. E., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287-314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012
Edited book, no DOI
Hacker-Hughes, J. (Ed.). (2017). Military veteran psychological health and social care: Contemporary approaches. Routledge.
Data Set
Pew Research Center. (2018). American trends panel Wave 26 [Data set]. https//www.pewsocialtrends.org/dataset/american-trends-panel-wave-26/
Dissertation or Thesis
Library database
Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resistance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A & I.
Published online, not in a library database
Hutcheson, V. H. (2012). Dealing with dual differences: Social coping strategies of gifted and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adolescents [Master's thesis, The College of William & Mary]. William & Mary Digital Archive. https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/bitstream/handle/10288/16594/HutchesonVirginia2012.pdf
eBook
For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g. Kindle) is no longer included in the reference.
Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. Random House.
Encyclopedia Article
Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. L. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism/
Journal Article
Article with DOI
APA style prefers one use DOIs. The DOI (digital object identifier) may be part of the citation or abstract of a record, or may be found on the first page of an article, especially in pdf format. To find a DOI go to https://www.crossref.org//guestquery To verify a DOI go to https://www.crossref.org//05researchers/58doi_resolver.html
McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
Article with no DOI with a non-database URL
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1),17-39, https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
Article in print or from a library database
Casaña, J., Calatayud, J., Ezzatvar, Y., Vinstrup, J., Benítez, J., & Andersen, L. L. (2019). Preoperative high-intensity strength training improves postural control after TKA: Randomized-controlled trial. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 27(4), 1057-1066.
Article from Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Mehrholz, J., Pohl, M., Platz, T., Kugler, J., & Elsner, B. (2018). Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006876.pub5
Magazine Article
Weir, K. (2017, January). Forgiveness can improve mental and physical health. Monitor on Psychology, 48(1), 30.
Web
Bergeson, S. (2019, January 4). Really cool neutral plasmas. Science, 363(6422), 33-34. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7988
Music Recording
General form
Composer, A. (2020). Title of song. On Title of album. Production Company; Label. https//xxxx.
Single song
Beyonce. (2016). Formation [Song]. On Lemonade. Parkwood; Columbia.
Newspaper Article
Webpage on a news website
Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, happy, healthy life? Think age-positive. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly-leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html
Online newspaper
Tabuchi, H. (2024, October 16). These scientists tested dolphin breath. They found plastic. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/16/climate/dolphin-plastic-breath.html
10-K
The Coca-Cola Company. (2015). Form 10-K 2015. Retrieved from Mergent Online database.
The Coca-Cola Company. (2015)). Form 10-K 2015. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR website https://www.sec.gov//edgar.shtml
Streaming Video
Cutts, S. (2017, November 24). Happiness [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/244405542
Webpage
Martin, C. M. (2020, December 29). Be kind to yourself: How self-compassion can improve your resiliency. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-compassion-can-improve-your-resiliency/art-20267193