Image: Diane Johnson, photographer. Posted with permission. November 8, 2018. LVC students with Justice Breyer.
Before presenting their oral arguments, lawyers for both sides submit briefs, which summarize the facts of the case, provide supporting evidence, detail the legal reasoning behind their arguments.
Briefs are often also filed by "friends of the court" (amicus curiae).
"Friends of the court" describes a person--or organization--who is not part of the lawsuit, but has a strong interest in the case.
Image source: Wikimedia Commons, United States Department of Justice. Public Domain.